Epidemiological study of penile cancer in a northeastern state - Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: to trace the clinical and epidemiological profile of penile cancer in Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil and relate them to data published in the literature. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 94 patients diagnosed with penile cancer in 2011-2018, treated at the Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Cancer. RESULTS: all patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, mainly aged over 50 years, from the states interior, brown, illiterate, or with incomplete primary education. At diagnosis, 68% of patients were classified as having tumors =T2, and 30% had lymph node involvement. Distant metastases were detected in 2.1% of patients at diagnosis. Most patients received the diagnosis in the initial phase of the disease, but 20.2% were diagnosed in stage IV. Partial penectomy was the most performed surgery, and 10% of patients relapsed, mainly in the lymph nodes (87.5%). The mean follow-up of the patients was 18 months, with an estimated overall survival at five years of 59.1%. However, 25% of patients were followed up for up to 3 months, losing follow-up. CONCLUSION: the State of Rio Grande do Norte has a high incidence of penile cancer with a high frequency of locally advanced tumors at diagnosis and in younger patients younger than 50. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors interfere with early diagnosis and hinder access to specialized services.

Epidemiological study of penile cancer in a northeastern state - Brazil / Estudo epidemiológico do câncer de pênis em um estado do Nordeste - Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: to trace the clinical and epidemiological profile of penile cancer in Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil and relate them to data published in the literature. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 94 patients diagnosed with penile cancer in 2011-2018, treated at the Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Cancer. Results: all patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, mainly aged over 50 years, from the states interior, brown, illiterate, or with incomplete primary education. At diagnosis, 68% of patients were classified as having tumors =T2, and 30% had lymph node involvement. Distant metastases were detected in 2.1% of patients at diagnosis. Most patients received the diagnosis in the initial phase of the disease, but 20.2% were diagnosed in stage IV. Partial penectomy was the most performed surgery, and 10% of patients relapsed, mainly in the lymph nodes (87.5%). The mean follow-up of the patients was 18 months, with an estimated overall survival at five years of 59.1%. However, 25% of patients were followed up for up to 3 months, losing follow-up. Conclusion: the State of Rio Grande do Norte has a high incidence of penile cancer with a high frequency of locally advanced tumors at diagnosis and in younger patients younger than 50. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors interfere with early diagnosis and hinder access to specialized services.

RESUMO Objetivo: traçar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico do câncer de pênis no Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil e relacioná-los com dados publicados na literatura. Métodos: realizou-se estudo transversal de 94 pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de pênis no período de 2011-2018, tratados na Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer. Resultados: todos os pacientes foram diagnosticados com carcinoma espinocelular, principalmente com idade acima dos 50 anos, provenientes do interior do estado, pardos, analfabetos ou com ensino fundamental incompleto. Ao diagnóstico, 68% dos pacientes foram classificados com tumores =T2 e 30% possuiam envolvimento linfonodal. Metástases à distância foram detectadas em 2,1% dos pacientes ao diagnóstico. A maioria dos pacientes recebeu o diagnóstico na fase inicial da doença, mas 20,2% foram diagnosticados em estádio IV. Penectomia parcial foi a cirurgia mais realizada e 10% dos pacientes recidivaram, principalmente para linfonodos (87,5%). A média de seguimento dos pacientes foi de 18 meses, apresentando estimativa de sobrevida global em 5 anos de 59,1%. No entanto, 25% dos pacientes foram acompanhados por até 3 meses, perdendo o seguimento. Conclusão: o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte apresenta elevada incidência de câncer de pênis com alta frequência de tumores localmente avançados ao diagnóstico, assim como em pacientes mais jovens, menores que 50 anos de idade. Outrossim, o fator socioeconômico interfere no diagnóstico precoce e dificulta o acesso a serviços especializados. .

Influência de indicadores sociais na incidência e mortalidade da COVID-19 no Brasil em junho de 2020 / Influence of social indicators on the occurrence and mortality of COVID-19 in Brazil in june 2020

O estudo tem por objetivo analisar a influência de indicadores sociais das regiões e verificar sua correlação com a incidência e mortalidade causada pela COVID-19 no Brasil no período de junho de 2020. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, ecológico e analítico na qual foram incluídas nas análises todas Unidades Federativas brasileiras de 10/06/2020 à 13/06/2020. Considerou-se como variáveis relacionadas à COVID-19: taxa de incidência e mortalidade acumulada por 100 mil habitantes e taxa de letalidade acumulada. Como variáveis independentes, determinou-se: índice de desenvolvimento humano, percentual de pobreza e renda per capita. Verificou-se que regiões mais pobres (Norte e Nordeste) possuem maior incidência, mortalidade e letalidade por COVID-19 se comparado com as regiões mais ricas do (Sudeste, Sul e Centro-oeste). Esses resultados demonstram que os indicadores sociais possuem influência nas taxas de incidência e óbitos por 100 mil habitantes devido a COVID-19, além de apresentar correlações significativas entre si. Os achados do estudo podem ser usados para embasar e dar direcionamento a ações de combate ao COVID-19 no país, levando à criação de políticas públicas bem estruturadas e garantindo eficácia para o enfrentamento da doença em áreas com vulnerabilidade.

Current paper analyzes the influence of social indicators in Brazilian regions and verifies their correlation with the occurrence and mortality caused by COVID-19 in Brazil. All the Brazilian Federative States were included in current observational, ecological and analytical study from 06/10/2020 to 06/13/2020. Variables were related to COVID-19´s occurrence rate, lethality and accumulated mortality per 100,000 inhabitants. Independent variables comprised human development index, poverty percentage and per capita income. Results show that poorer regions have higher incidence, mortality and lethality by COVID-19 when compared to richer ones. These results demonstrate that social indicators influence the incidence and death rates per 100,000 inhabitants due to COVID-19, in addition to showing significant correlations with each other. The study findings may be used to support and guide actions to combat COVID-19 in the country.